The Trailblazers

  “I always feel.... the movement is a sort of mosaic. Each of us puts in one little stone, and then you get a great mosaic at the end.” -Alice Paul-

19th Amendment: Women's right to vote. Ratified on August 26, 1920.

There is a name for each year women have had a right to vote. 

Civil War

 

• Clara Barton was named, "Angel of the Battlefield" for her first  aid heroism during the Civil War, Barton was instrumental in founding  the American Red Cross in 1881 
• Harriet Tubman was born into slavery, escaped, and went on to  rescue approximately 70 enslaved people, using the network of safe  houses known as the Underground Railroad. She was never caught. 
• Mary Edwards Walker, M.D., was an American abolitionist,  prohibitionist, prisoner of war and surgeon. She is the ONLY woman to  ever receive the Medal of Honor. There are more than 3,500 male  recipients of this honor. 
• Maria Isabella "Belle" Boyd was one of the Confederacy's most  notorious spies. She operated from her father's hotel in Virginia, and  provided valuable information to General Stonewall Jackson in 1862.  After the war, She fled to, and is buried in Wisconsin Dells, WI. 
•  Cordelia Harvey was a philanthropist, nurse, and teacher who  organized relief for Wisconsin soldiers and their children during and  after the Civil War. 

Native American Trailblazers

 

• Sacagawea: As a pregnant 14-year-old, Sacagawea led 32 explorers (including Lewis  & Clark) on an expedition to find the Pacific Ocean. She gave birth  en-route and travelled the rest of the eight THOUSAND miles with her  baby on her back. Not only did she guide them through every natural  condition, but she also translated for, cooked for, and mended all the  men’s clothes; all while never receiving the payment owed- her husband  took that.
• Pocahontas: Powhatan Native American woman who aided the English colonists by  offering guidance and food in times of need. She is well-known for her  act of bravery and kindness in saving the life of John Smith by placing  her head upon his own at the moment of his execution.
• Marie Louise Bottineau Baldwin: attorney, clerk in the Office of Indian Affairs, and Native American  rights activist. During the suffrage movement, Marie focused on the  value of traditional Native cultures amidst the modern world. In 1914,  she was the first Native American student to graduate from the  Washington College of Law.
• Ada Deer: Wisconsinite with many notable achievements including: First member of  the Menominee Tribe to graduate from the University of Wisconsin–Madison  & the first to receive a master's degree; First woman to serve as  chair of the Menominee Restoration Committee; 1975 Pollitzer  Award-winner, Ethical Cultural Society, N.Y. ; and First Native American  woman to head the Bureau of Indian Affairs
• Ho-Poe-Kaw "Glory of the Morning": first woman every described in the written history of Wisconsin and the only known female chief of the Ho-Chunk.
• Karen Ann Hoffman: Portage County/Oneida Nation artist that has expressed herself for 30+  years through Haudenosaunee Raised Beadwork (AKA Iroquois Raised  Beadwork). This type of beadwork is known for lines of beads that arch  above the textile surface for a three-dimensional effect- often sewn  onto velvet. Hoffman is known nationwide for her reimagination of this art form.

Ladies of the Wild West

• Calamity Jane- Well known due to her connection (romantic or  otherwise) with Wild Bill Hickok, Martha Jane Canary "Calamity Jane" was  a skilled marksman, with a loud mouth and louder behavior. She was an  Army Scout, bullwhacker, nurse, cook, prostitute, prospector, gambler,  heavy drinker, and one of the most foul-mouthed people in the West. She  was NOT one to be told what to do.
• Stagecoach Mary- "Stagecoach Mary" Fields, was born a slave in  Tennessee, and went on to become one of the first female entrepreneurs,  stagecoach driver, pioneer, and the first African-American female  star-route mail carrier in the United States. 

Suffrage Movement

•  Jane Hart: An American Quaker, who hosted the Seneca Falls meeting of Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Known as one of the foremost figures of  the movement for women's equality and the force behind the 1848 Seneca  Falls Convention, the first convention to be called for the sole purpose  of discussing women's rights.
• Jeanette Rankin: First female elected to the House of Representatives in 1916.
• Mabel Ping-Hua Lee: At age 16, she was a leading lady in New  York's suffrage movement by planning parades and events to advocate for  women's rights.
• Carrie Chapman Catt: Wisconsin American Suffrage Leader. Catt  served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association  from 1900 to 1904 and 1915 to 1920.
• Kathryn F. Clarenbach: Wisconsin advocate- First Chairperson of National Organization for Women.
• Belle Case La Follette: Women's suffrage, peace, and Civil Rights  activist in Wisconsin. She worked with the women's peace party during  World War I.
• Susan B Anthony: Leader in the American Anti-Slavery Society and turned her life's devotion to the women's suffrage movement.
• Amelia Jenks Bloomer: Even though she did not create the women's  clothing reform style known as bloomers, her name became associated with  it because of her early and strong advocacy.
• Alice Paul: American Quaker, suffragist, feminist, and women's  rights activist, and one of the main leaders and strategists of the  campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. 

20th Century Civil Rights Activists

• Mary Ellen Pleasant was an African American Abolitionist, businesswoman, and entrepreneur.
• Ida B Wells-Barnett was an African American journalist and  militant civil rights leader. She was a co-founder of the NAACP and  first president of the Negro Fellowship League.
• Lucy Stone was an abolitionist, suffragist, and organizer  promoting rights for women. In 1847, she became the first woman from  Massachusetts to earn a college degree.
• Frances Harper was an abolitionist, suffragist, poet, teacher,  public speaker, and writer. In 1845, she was one of the first African  American women to be published in the United States. 

Veterans

 

• Grace Hopper was a computer scientist and a Navy rear admiral. She  was one of the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I computer which  was used in war efforts in WWII.
• Sandra Gregory was a Wisconsin General in the Air Force. During  her 29-year career, Gregory served in a variety positions throughout the  United States Department of Defense.
• Ella E Gibson Hobart was the first female Army Chaplin (religious  leader dedicated to serving Soldiers and families worldwide). She was  also from Wisconsin!
• Anne Alinder Korbel was Wisconsin's first Women's Army Corps  Officer Candidate. During World War II, Alinder served in Washington,  D.C. at the Pentagon as a member of General George C. Marshall's staff  before being assigned to the Allied Control Council in Germany during  the summer of 1945.
• Ineva Reilly Baldwin championed the "Wisconsin Idea". She was a US  Coast Guard Lieutenant commander during WWII, which was the highest  rank ever attained by a woman at that time.
• Naomi Fern Parker Fraley is considered to be the model for the  iconic "We Can Do It!" poster during WWII. She was a female War Worker  who worked on aircraft assembly at the Naval Air Station Alameda.
• Mildred Fish-Harnack was a Wisconsin historian and Nazi Resistance  Fighter. After being put into labor camps for 6 years due to being "not  Nazi enough", she became the ONLY American civilian to be executed on  the direct order of Hitler. 

Athletes

• Serena Williams is considered to be the greatest female tennis player of all time. She is the former world No. 1 in women's single tennis, has won 23 Grand Slam singles titles- which is the most by any player since 1968 (second-most of all time), and 14 Grand Slam doubles titles with her sister Venus. Including prize money, she is currently the highest-earning female athlete of all time.
• Gwen Jorgensen is an Olympian from Wisconsin! She is a professional triathlete that represented the United States in triathlon in the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics- where she won the USA's first ever triathlon gold medal with a time of 1 hour, 56 minutes, and 16 seconds.
• Simone Biles is an American gymnast, World Champion, Olympian, Mental Health Advocate, and a Sexual Assault Survivor and Advocate. She has 7 Olympic and 25 World Championship medals making her tied for the title of "most decorated gymnast of all time" and for the most Olympic medals won by an American female gymnast. After winning 4 gold and 1  bronze in the 2016 Summer Olympics, she withdrew from the 2020 (2021)  Summer Olympics after being hit with "the twisties" (loss of air balance  awareness) and chose to focus on physical safty and mental health. She  went on to win bronze individually and silver with the USA team. 

Air & Space

• Amelia Earhart pioneered females in aviation. She was the first  woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean, and had many other aviation  firsts before disappearing in the South Pacific while attempting to fly  around the world.
• Sally Ride was an American astronaut, physicist, and first American woman in space (third woman overall).
• Laurel Clark, from Wisconsin, was an accomplished doctor, Navy  Captain, and NASA astronaut who died in the Columbia Space Shuttle in  2003.
• Nancy Harkness Love earned her pilot's license at 16, worked as a  test pilot and air racer in the 1930s, and and American pilot and  commander during World War II. She convinced the Air Force to create a  group of female pilots to transport aircraft from factories to air  bases. This turned into the Women's Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron, and  later the Women Airforce Service Pilots. Love commanded this unit, and  was appointed lieutenant colonel in the US Air Force Reserve in 1948. 

Artists

 

• Georgia O'Keeffe was a feminist artist. She is known for her floral paintings and is called the "Mother of American modernism"
• Louise Nevelson was a sculptor known for her monumental,  monochromatic, wooden wall pieces and outdoor sculpture art. She broke  through stereotypes that only men's artwork could be large-scale.
• Brenda Gingles was a loved Stevens Point local and successful  jeweler. She was the the curator at UWSP, owned and operated the Art  Connection in CenterPoint Mall and was the first Director of the Stevens  Point Riverfront Arts Center. She also was a long time host and member  in the Hidden Studio Art Tour, and Festival of the Arts organizations.
• Retta Scott was the first woman to receive screen credit as an animator at the Walt Disney Animation Studios! 

Authors

 

•  Edith Wharton was the First woman to win a Pulitzer Prize in 1921  with her novel "The Age of Innocence". Her stories were influenced by  New York's upper class and the lifestyles of the Roaring 20s.
• Margaret Fuller pioneered feminist work in the Nineteenth Century.  She edited for Ralph Waldo Emerson, wrote literary/social criticism in  Europe for the New York Tribune, and became America's first female  correspondent.
• Helen Keller triumphed over an early childhood illness that left  her blind and deaf, and went on to graduate with honors from Radcliffe  College. She became a world-famous lecturer, author, and advocate of  rights for people with disabilities.
• Betty Friedan was a feminist writer and activist. Her book, "The  Feminine Mystique" is often credited with sparking the second wave of  American feminism in the 20th centruy. In 1966, she co-founded & was  first president of the National Organization for Women (NOW), which  aimed to bring women "into the mainstream of American society now [in]  fully equal partnership with men".
• Toni Morrison was a Presidential Medal of Freedom, National  Humanities Medal, Nobel Prize in Literature. and Pulitzer Prize for  Fiction-winning author. Her novels and essays examined the  African-American experience in America.
• Amy Tan is an award-winning Chinese American writer and novelist  who wrote The Joy Luck Club. This book explores the relationship between  Chinese women and their Chinese-American daughters. It has been  translated to 25 different languages and made into a major-motion  picture.
• Zona Gale was a Wisconsin Author & Playwright and the first woman to win Pulitzer Prize for Drama.
• Laura Ingalls Wilder was the Wisconsin Author who wrote the  children's "Little House" series. This series highlighted the life of  her pioneer family as they moved and settled in the American West in the  1800s.

Poets

•  Emily Dickinson was a reclusive poet of hundreds of inventive,  original poems. While when she was alive, she was not well-known, she is  not regarded as the most famous woman poet of 19th-century America.
• Maya Angelou was a poet, historian, author, civil rights activist,  producer, singer, dancer, actress, and director who worked for Dr.  Martin Luther King Jr. She was the first female inaugural poet in US  presidential history.
• Amanda Gorman was the most recent, and the youngest inaugural poet  in U.S. history. She is an activist who focuses on topics of  oppression, feminism, race, and marginalization.

Civil Rights Activists

  

• Ella Baker helped formed the Southern Christian Leadership  Conference with Martin Luther King Jr. was president of. She was a key  leader in organizing the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.
• Rosa Parks was an Activist arrested for sitting in the "Whites  Only" section of a bus which sparked the Montgomery bus boycott. The  United States Congress has honored her as "the first lady of civil  rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement".
• Coretta Scott King was an author, activist, civil rights leader,  and the wife of Martin Luther King Jr. She was also a singer who often  incorporated music into her civil rights work.
• Ruby Bridges was the first African-American child to attend an  All-White elementary school in Louisiana on November 14, 1960. She  continues to be a civil rights activist to this day at age 66.

Educators

 

• Margaret Sanger was a birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse.
• Margaret Mead was a cultural anthropologist and speaker on topics such as: women's rights, nuclear proliferation, race relations, environmental pollution, and world hunger.
• Gerda Lerner played a pivotal role in the development of Women's and Gender Studies with historians. She was an Austrian-born  Wisconsinite!
• Electa Quinney was a Mohican and member of the Stockbridge-Munsee Community. She founded one of the first schools and was the first woman to teach in a public school in the territory which would be Wisconsin.
• Margarethe "Molly" Schurz was a German-born American who opened the first Kindergarten in the US in Watertown, WI. 
• Marion Bannach was the oldest daughter born to Polish immigrants in Portage County.  Her parents spoke fluent Polish, German, and learned to speak English after arriving in the U.S.  Marion graduated from UW-Stevens Point (then, the State Normal School) in 1913 and went on to be a teacher and the superintendent of Portage County Schools from 1918-1941.
• Lenora Fletcher was a local Educator. A 1942 graduate of Steven's Point High School, she fulfilled her dream of walking through the doors  of Central State Teacher's College, graduating from there and furthering  her education through the years at UW-Steven's Point, UW-Milwaukee and  Cardinal Stritch University. Lenora taught school for 47 years at the  Bluff, Clover, Oak Park, Pearl, and Fabisiak one room schoolhouses; then  Grant Elementary School in Kellner and the last three decades at Howe  Elementary School in Wisconsin Rapids. She passed away at 100 years old  just two weeks before she was going to paint her own name on the  trailblazer mural. Her family honored her after the funeral and her  grandson painted her name on the mural. 

Females in Medicine

• Dorothea Dix was a crusader for mentally ill rights in North  America & Europe. She founded/improved over 30 hospitals for the  mentally ill and influenced government legislation in her research. In  1861, she was appointed first Superintendent of US Army Nurses
• Juliet Severance was a Whitewater physician interested in  anti-slavery and women's rights movements as a teenager. She became a  teacher and used her power of speech at rallies in conventions. When she  became sick, she went back to school to study medicine and graduated  with her M.D. at 25. She spent her career studying alternatives to  scientific medicine and provided free medical care to working women.
• Anne Schierl was one of the two women to graduate from the first  UW medical school that enrolled women. (UW-Madison). She moved to  Stevens Point and became the first female anesthesiologist at St.  Michael's Hospital. Anne was instrumental in founding community programs  including: elementary school Sex Education, Home Free (Safe Ride Home),  MORP, Portage County Alliance for Youth, Community Capers, Shoe String  Players, Community Foundation of Central WI, Boys & Girls Club of  Portage County, ArtsBash, and Riverfront Jazz Festival.
• Mary Ann Menard was Wisconsin's first doctor and was Wisconsin's  ONLY doctor until 1816. The next closest place to receive medical care  was St. Louis or Mackinac. Her knowledge of the healing arts were put to  the test when her one-year-old granddaughter was scalped and left for  dead. Mary Anne single-handedly treated her by covering her exposed  brain with a silver plate until the skin healed. She made a full  recovery and lived to be more than 80 years old. 
• Ruth Gilfry was Portage County's first public health nurse and  pioneered the public health nursing program protecting and promoting the  health of all citizens.

Women in News

  

• Nellie Bly was a journalist, industrialist, inventor, and charity  worker was was known for her record-breaking trip around the world in 72  days.
• Gloria Marie Steinem is a feminist journalist and social political  activist who became nationally recognized as a leader and a spokeswoman  for the American feminist movement in the 1960s/70s.Steinem was a  columnist for New York magazine, and a co-founder of Ms. magazine.
• Greta Van Susteren is a commentator, lawyer, and former television news anchor for CNN, Fox News, and MSNBC from Appleton, WI.
• Theodora W. Youmans was an American journalist, editor, and  women's suffrage activist from Wisconsin. As president of the Wisconsin  Women's Suffrage Association, Youmans played an important role in  securing Wisconsin women the right to vote.
• Anne McDowell was the first American woman to publish a newspaper  completely run by women "Women's Advocate"; it circulated weekly with  the goal of “the elevation of the female industrial class”.
• Jovita Idár was a Mexican-American Journalist and Activist who  wrote under a pseudonym to expose the poor living conditions of  Mexican-American workers. She supported the Mexican revolution and was  the first president of the League of Mexican women, which offered free  education to Mexican children in Texas

Show Business

• "Barbra" Streisand has an impressive six-decade career as a singer, actress, filmmaker, and one of the few EGOT performers (won an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony). 
• Lucille Ball was an American actress, comedian, model, studio executive, and producer. She won winning four Emmy Awards, was the first  female inductee into the Television Academy’s Hall of Fame, and was  posthumously honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1989.
• Meryl Streep is definitely considered one of the best actresses in her generation. Streep has collected 21 Oscar nominations in her lifetime and has won three. She has yet to become an EGOT, but has been nominated for each of those 4 awards. 
• Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter is a singer, songwriter, and actress. She has won 28 Grammy Awards, 26 MTV Video Music Awards, 24  NAACP Image Awards, 31 BET Awards, and 17 Soul Train Music Awards; all  of which are more than any other singer. She is one of the world's  best-selling artists having sold 118 million records worldwide.
• Elizabeth Taylor was an English-American actress, businesswoman, and humanitarian. She began her career as a child actress in the early 1940s and was one of the most popular stars of Hollywood cinema in the 1950s. In the 1960s, she became the highest paid movie star and staid in  the public light for the rest of her life.
• Ella Fitzgerald was an American jazz singer, known as "The First Lady of Song", "Queen of Jazz", and "Lady Ella". She was noted for her  purity of tone, impeccable diction, phrasing, timing, intonation, and a  "horn-like" improvisational ability, particularly in her scat singing.  She won 13 Grammy Awards in her nearly 50-year career.
• Aretha Franklin was the “Queen of Soul”. She recorded 112 Billboard-charted singles including 77 on the Hot 100 list, 17 to-ten pop singles, and 20 #1 R&B singles. She won 18 Grammy Awards  including the first 8 awards given for Best Female R&B Vocal  Performance, a Living Legend honor, and Lifetime Achievement Award. She  is one of the best-selling artists of all time with more than 75 million  records sold. 
•  Billie Eilish is a Grammy-winning singer-songwriter known for her genre-defying sound and bold visual style. She rose to global fame as a teenager with haunting, introspective lyrics and a distinctive voice.  Eilish is a trailblazer in the music industry, challenging norms around  image, mental health, and creative control

Environmentalist

•  Rachel Carson was a marine biologist, author, and conservationist  whose influential writings and novels sparked the global environmental  movement. 
• Emma Toft was a conservationist who became known as "Wisconsin's  First Lady of Conservation" following her efforts to preserve an ancient  forest in Door County.
• Carrie Frost was instrumental in making Stevens Point, Wisconsin,  the “Fly Tackle Capital of the World.” Frost shared a passion for fly  fishing with her father John and felt that the European flies available  to them were not adequate or enticing to the local trout and bass. Frost  spent much time investigating and researching insects and bait, then  spent as much time attempting to replicate them in an artificial fly.
• Milly Zantow was a Wisconsite who pioneered the plastics recycling  movement and invented the numbreed-triangle system used for  indentifying different kinds of plastics.
• Frances Hamerstrom and her husband Frederick, also a wildlife  biologist, helped to stabilize Wisconsin’s prairie chicken population  after much of that bird’s habitat was destroyed by farming and other  development. In 1949 she became the second woman to work as a wildlife  professional in Wisconsin. 

Political Trailblazers

 

•  Eleanor Roosevelt was the first First Lady to hold her own press  conference and she only allowed female reporters to attend. She  advocated for women's roles in the workplace, the civil rights of  African Americans and Asian Americans, and the rights of World War II  refugees. Following FDR's death, she remained active in politics for the  remaining 17 years of her life.
• Shirley Chisholm was the first African American woman elected to  the US Congress, the first African American to run for a major party's  nomination for President of the United States, and the first woman to  ever run for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination.
• Jackie Kennedy Onassis is known as one of the U.S.'s most elegant  First Ladies. She worked to restore the White House to its original  elegance and protect everything in it. She established the White House  Historical Association and hired a curator from the Smithsonian to  catalog all the belongings.
• Sandra Day O'Connor was the first female associate judge of the  Supreme Court- the first female nominated and confirmed. Before that,  she was the first female majority leader in a state senate (in Arizona).  In 2009, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
• Condoleezza Rice was the first African American woman to hold  several positions, including Secretary of State. Rice helped  successfully negotiate several agreements in the Middle East and worked  to improve human rights issues in Iran.
• Kamala Harris is the 49th and current vice president of the United  States. She is the first female vice president and the highest-ranking  female official in U.S. history, as well as the first African American  and first Asian American vice president.
• Ntxhais "Chai" Moua is the first Hmong woman to serve in elected  office in Portage County and as county supervisor, she has advocated to  keep the Portage County Healthcare Center public and pushed for the  creation of a Diversity and Inclusiveness Affairs Committee for Portage  County (among many other accomplishments).
• Hon. Patricia Gorence was Wisconsin's first female federal magistrate in Milwaukee.